Optimal Overcurrent Relays' Coordination of Standard Inverse Characteristics using Dynamic Grey Wolf Optimizer (DGWO)

This research focuses on optimizing Overcurrent Relay (OCR) coordination in distribution networks to minimize the total operating time of primary relays while ensuring selectivity and adhering to operational constraints, crucial for maintaining grid stability and reliability. The study employs the Dynamic Grey Wolf Optimizer (DGWO), a nature-inspired metaheuristic that simulates the social hierarchy and hunting behavior of grey wolves. DGWO enhances the standard Grey Wolf Optimizer (GWO) by training the delta wolf to exhibit hunting behavior like the beta wolf, improving search diversity and preventing premature convergence. Evaluated on IEEE test systems (3-bus, 9-bus, and 15-bus), DGWO demonstrated significant reductions in total operating time compared to standard with the reduction of <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">$\mathbf{0. 3 \%}$</tex> for <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">$\mathbf{3}$</tex>-bus, <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">$\mathbf{1. 4 \%}$</tex> for <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">$\mathbf{9}$</tex>-bus and 14 % for 15 -bus test system. These results highlight the effectiveness of DGWO in optimizing OCR settings, enhancing the overall efficiency and reliability of power distribution networks.