Antibacterial Activity and Phytochemical Analysis of <i>Clematis hirsuta</i> Perr. et Guill. <i>Root and Croton macrostachyus</i> Hochst. ex Delile. Leaves Extracts from Kemisie, Ethiopia

Objectives This study was conducted in the Kemisie district, Oromia special zone of the Amhara region, Ethiopia. The present research aimed to study in vitro antibacterial activities of methanol crude extracts of medicinal plants, namely, Croton macrostachyus Hochst. ex Delile. Leaves and Clematis hirsuta Perr. et Guill. root and phytochemical analysis of methanol and hexane crude extracts. Methods The plant samples were collected and extracted with methanol and hexane after being dried and powdered. The in-vitro antibacterial activities were examined with the isolates of Clostridium chauvoei and Pasteurella multocida bacterial pathogens of cattle. The antibacterial activity of the methanol extract of the leaves of C. macrostachyus and the root of C. hirsuta against C. chauvoei and P. multocida pathogens was determined by using agar well diffusion, Minimum inhibitory concentration, and minimum bactericidal concentration methods. Results The methanol crude extracts of the plants were promisingly effective against the bacterial isolates, as shown by concentrations ranging between 1 to 2 mg/mL for C. macrostachyus leaves extracts and 1.5 to 2 mg/mL for C. hirsuta root extracts compared to the standard control. The MIC value was recorded for both bacteria at 1 mg/mL and MBC at 2 mg/mL with C. macrostachyus leaves extracts , and the MIC and MBC values for C. hirsuta roots extracts were recorded a s 1.5 and 2 mg/mL, respectively . Conclusion The potency of these extracts, based on their zones of inhibition and MIC values, was higher in C. macrostachyus, which shows that its extract can be used after respective in vivo and clinical trials against P. multocida bacteria capable of causing huge mortality and morbidity with a very serious economic impact in the animal industry, including Ethiopia. This study provides the first evidence of the antibacterial efficacy of these extracts against C. chauvoei and P. multocida .