Symptom Networks and Associations with Quality of Life in Patients with Early to Mid-Stage Parkinson’s Disease: A Network Analysis

Multiple symptoms were simultaneously experienced by patients with early to mid-stage PD, and interrelationships among symptoms were observed. Bradykinesia was identified as the core symptom, and the "mobility" dimension was recognized as the central node in the quality of life network. Healthcare providers are advised to comprehensively consider patients' overall symptom profiles and their relationships with quality of life, and to implement targeted, integrated interventions.