Forests of Violence

Abstract Croatia is the most heavily mined country in the European Union, while neighboring Bosnia-Herzegovina remains among the ten most heavily mined countries in the world, presenting a major roadblock to recovery from war destruction in both countries. Despite the heavy presence of landmines and unexploded ordnance from the Wars of Yugoslav Succession (1991–1995), the issue has not received a significant amount of scholarly attention, and landmine pollution is lacking in conversations about environmental effects of warfare. This article seeks to address the question of how the lingering issue of landmines and unexploded ordnance in Croatia and Bosnia represent both social and environmental transformations. Answering this question contributes to the theme of more-than-human-sociality in an Anthropogenic Earth by examining how these weapons have led to deeper interconnections and interdependencies between natural and social processes and how they have created new and violent entanglements between various actors, including humans, technology, and natural resources.