Factors associated with the adoption of the WHO Package of Essential Non-Communicable Diseases (PEN) Protocol 1 in primary healthcare settings in Nepal: a cross-sectional study
Adoption of PEN Protocol 1 varied by component and was influenced by resource availability, provider motivation and system barriers. Addressing these factors is key to optimising implementation in low-resource settings.
Authors
- Aarati Dhakal (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9395-891X)
- Phanindra Prasad Baral
- Sushmita Mali (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0009-0003-2216-3767)
- Bikram Poudel (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7168-8656)
- Anupama Bishwokarma (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6619-1960)
- Asmita Adhikari
- Sanju Bhattarai (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4246-9117)
- Dong Roman Xu (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7438-632X)
- Donna Spiegelman (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4006-4650)
- Binuka Kulung Rai
- Lonim Prasai Dixit
- Elizabeth Rhodes (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0920-8644)
- Archana Shrestha (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4741-090X)
- Yashashwi Pokharel (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9338-2073)
- Dinesh Timalsena (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2418-9894)
- A. Bharati
- Chandani Singh Nakarmi
Institutions
- Emory University (US)
- Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NO)
- Dhulikhel Hospital (NP)
- Government of Nepal (NP)
- Yale University (US)
- Ministry of Health and Population (NP)
- Mountain Medicine Society of Nepal (NP)
- Wake Forest University (US)
- Kathmandu University (NP)
- Southern Medical University (CN)
Publication Details
- Journal
- BMJ Open
- Published
- 2025-09-01
- DOI
- https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2024-090923
- Primary Topic
- Global Public Health Policies and Epidemiology
- Type
- article
- Field-Weighted Citation Impact
- 0.00