Planning Model of Integrated Livestock Area Based on Crop-Livestock Integration for Sustainable Rural Agribusiness Development in North Bolaang Mongondow District

Rural agribusiness in Indonesia still faces inefficiencies due to the separation between the crop and livestock subsectors. This study developed a new Integrated Farming System (IFS) model by linking biomass circulation, spatial-functional planning, and village institutional strengthening within the framework of integrated livestock areas. A mixed-methods approach was employed, combining QGIS-based spatial analysis, economic evaluation (R/C ratio, profit margin, break-even point), and a SWOT-based institutional assessment. The analysis results showed the availability of approximately 41,000 tonnes/year of crop residues (rice, corn, and coconut) and 10,800 tonnes/year of beef cattle manure as inputs for a closed system. The implementation of the model has been proven to increase farming efficiency, with the R/C ratio increasing from 1.34 to 1.72, profit margins increasing by 26.7%, and the break-even point decreasing by 18%. Theoretically, this study expands IFS research, which is generally limited to the household scale, by integrating it into a regional planning perspective through spatial-functional zoning and institutional strengthening. This contribution positions IFS not only as a technical system but also as a model for sustainable rural agribusiness planning. In practical terms, this study recommends the establishment of agribusiness cooperatives, capacity building for farmers, and cross-sector policy harmonization as key implementation strategies. This study uniquely integrates biomass-based IFS with spatial-functional planning and institutional design, thereby enriching both the theory and practice of sustainable rural development.