Fisheries- A Catalyst for Poverty Alleviation in India- Study on the Prospects of Pradhan Mantri Matsya Sampada Yojana (PMMSY)

Abstract Small-scale fisheries (SSF) in India are a cornerstone of marine and inland resource utilization, contributing substantially to food and nutritional security, employment generation, and cultural identity. The fisheries account for nearly half of India’s total fish production and provide livelihoods for over 14 million people, including women engaged in post-harvest activities. Beyond their economic footprint, SSF ensure affordable protein intake for marginalized populations, thereby addressing both poverty and malnutrition. However, these fisheries are increasingly threatened by overexploitation of resources, habitat degradation, climate variability, and the marginalization of artisanal fishing communities due to the expansion of mechanized and industrial fleets. Despite challenges from overfishing, climate change, and competition with mechanized fleets, SSF remain vital for equitable and sustainable growth. Strengthening community-based management and eco-friendly practices can ensure their long-term contribution to both people and marine ecosystems and achieving India’s goals of livelihood security, environmental sustainability, and alignment with the UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). This paper addresses the implications and government support such through Pradhan Mantri Matsya Sampada Yojana (PMMSY) and also discussed on some setbacks in its implementation at the rural India. However by the sustainable practices can unlock fisheries as a resilient, inclusive pathway to rural prosperity and poverty alleviation in India.