Do Microplastics have any significant effect on Red Blood Cells? An In-depth study by Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Background: Despite growing interest, there remains a critical knowledge gap regarding the toxicodynamic interactions between MPs and human erythrocytes. This study was done to consolidate emerging evidence on microplastics’ effects on red blood cells and interpret their implications for public health. Methodology: In this study the studies were identified from multiple databases such as PubMed, Cochrane review, Google Scholar and all kind of data in any form of article was taken on 2 Key words “Microplastics” and “RBC” from last 20 years in Literature. Results: This systematic review of 63 articles provides consolidated evidence that MNPs interact directly with erythrocytes (RBCs), leading to oxidative damage, impaired deformability, and disruptions in oxygen transport. These effects are not isolated but form part of a broader cascade involving endothelial dysfunction, immune activation, and vascular complications. Most included studies report a statistically significant increase in haemolysis associated with the exposure under investigation, with effect sizes ranging from moderate (~6%) to large (~10%). Conclusion: Given the pervasive presence of microplastics in the environment, including recent confirmation of their presence in human blood, these findings raise significant concerns about their potential haematological and systemic health effects. Regulatory bodies and public health institutions must prioritize further investigation, public. Keywords: Microplastics, Red Blood Cells, Human Blood, Systematic Review, Meta-Analysis.