Research by N.L. Korzhenevsky on the Pamir Mountains and Its Glaciers in 1903–1914 (based on Expedition Diaries, Archival Documents, and Publications)

This article is devoted to Nikolai Leopoldovich Korzhenevsky's research on the Pamir Mountains and its glaciers in 1903-1914, based on his expedition diaries, archival documents, and publications.The author analyzes Korzhenevsky's contribution to the study of the Fedchenko Glacier, the largest in Central Asia, emphasizing its significance as a symbol of scientific and imperial exploration.Korzhenevsky's contributions to glaciology, geology, meteorology, botany, and ethnography are examined.Particular attention is paid to the difficulties of the expeditions: the harsh climate, the impassable terrain, and the geopolitical rivalry between the Russian and British empires in the context of the "Great Game."The sociocultural context, including protests by the local population against taxes in the Western Pamirs, highlights the dual nature of N.L. Korzhenevsky's research, which combined scientific and military objectives.Korzhenevsky's diaries and publications remain a valuable source for contemporary research, reflecting his contribution to cartography, geography, and understanding of historical processes in Central Asia, as well as his achievements in the study of Pamir glaciers, particularly the Fedchenko Glacier.