Grammar School Education under the Last Emperor of Russia Nicholas II

The article examines the development of gymnasium education, both for men and women, under the last Emperor of the Russian Empire, Nicholas II.It provides quantitative indicators of literacy among the population and those with education.The article identifies the reasons that led to the reform of secondary education in the early 20th century.In addition to the general characteristics of the changes that took place in the field of education during this period, and the main areas of focus, the authors examine the educational process, changes in curricula, the procedure for passing exams, the transfer from lower to higher grades, the procedure for admission of graduates of gymnasiums to higher educational institutions, the list of documents required for admission to universities, and the powers of pedagogical councils.Special attention is given to the procedure for appointing teachers in gymnasiums.The study covers both public and private gymnasiums.The changes that occurred in the educational process and their relationship to changes in the curriculum are noted.