Facilitating Electrons Inside the Porous Anode Catalyst Layer by Ultrasound

The anode catalyst layer is a porous material that transports protons (H[Formula: see text]) through and collects electrons (e). Here, we propose an ultrasound-based novel technique that improves the electron transport by increasing the charge density on the titanium surface of the catalyst layer. Ultrasound waves in a porous catalyst layer may enhance the collection of electrons and improve the electron transport. The theoretical framework using poroelasticity has been proposed, and future experiments are required. The future experimental results will be positive because the ultrasound enhances the conventional battery performance.