Factors Driving Wayfinding Efficiency Among Hajj Pilgrims: An Empirical Study at the Al Mashaaer Al Mugaddassah Metro (MMM) Station, Muzdalifah

The guiding devices are designed to aid pilgrims in navigation and provide directions to ensure safety and comfort during Hajj. Nonetheless, the existing methods are incapable of directing individuals from varied backgrounds to MMM rail station in Muzdalifah. This is particularly difficult given that over one million pilgrims annually journeyed on foot from Arafah to Muzdalifah to Mina between 2010 and 2023. This research aimed to examine the factors influencing the performance of navigation systems at the MMM train station in Muzdalifah, with the objective of enhancing these systems according to user preferences. A specific group of 485 pilgrims was chosen for a survey, and 271 valid replies were analysed. The data analysis employed SPSS version 25 to rank variables. The findings revealed that the quality of symbol and icon design, the alignment of design elements, and the presentation of information were the four aspects affecting the efficacy of wayfinding systems at the MMM train station in Muzdalifah. These studies highlighted how many aspects of wayfinding provide users with identifying signals or essential warning information. It was proposed to utilise familiar features, such as symbols, icons, and numerals, that accommodate languages for navigational assistance. Furthermore, it is prudent to include design elements with clear meanings on wayfinding signage to obviate the necessity for external aid.