Analysis of Electricity Arbitrage of a Prosumer by Electricity Supply from PV Panels

The article discusses the use of batteries to increase profitability and the self-consumption of PV panel supply in the case of PV electricity in a microgrid connected to the grid. For customers in Estonia, it is possible to purchase electricity from the NordPool electricity market or opt for a fixed electricity price. Since last year, the electricity price has been low during the daytime, especially on sunny and windy days, which often coincide with weekends. At the end of the workday, it increases significantly in autumn, winter, and spring. If PV panels are available in the system, electricity can be stored free of charge during the day. The article presented typical Estonian dwelling consumption load graph data, PV panel electricity patterns over one year ending on March 31, 2023, and a battery bank size with a capacity of 20 kWh, featuring double-direction grid transfer capability of 11 kW. The evaluation is based on the electricity market price with taxes. The modelling results showed potential for increasing revenue by using batteries in a microgrid consisting of consumers and PV panels connected to the grid. The article examined the impact of annual PV panel production on annual electricity consumption for revenue.