Dynamic Operation of Battery Storage Systems for Residual Load Smoothing

Maintaining grid balance represents a significant challenge in light of the growing proportion of renewable energy sources in power generation. A viable solution to enhance grid balance is the implementation of Battery Energy Storage Systems (BESS), which can be charged during low-demand periods and discharged during peak load times. This paper investigates the feasibility of deploying a BESS within a district comprising a population of 100,000. The proposed optimization algorithm is formulated as a mixed-integer linear programming problem. While this algorithm applies a linear battery model, the results are compared to those obtained from a second-order equivalent circuit model. The findings indicate that the dynamic operation of the BESS can effectively reduce the standard deviation of the residual load by as much as 3.5 MWh.