Optimal BESS Sizing and Ramp Rate Control for Solar PV Systems

Solar photovoltaic power plants are inherently intermittent, and their variations in power output create challenges for grid integration. Over the years, numerous studies have explored methods to regulate ramp rates under different operational scenarios. However, few have addressed this issue while considering economic viability. This paper proposes a novel hybrid switching-based control methodology combined with battery size optimization to maximize annual profit while ensuring operational compliance. Simulation results demonstrate the economic benefits and effectiveness of the proposed approach in eliminating ramp rate violations, improving the integration of intermittent energy sources, and reducing the impact of power curtailment.