Average Age of Information Analysis for Cell-Free mMIMO Networks with Energy Harvesting

The explosive expansion of the Internet of Things has led to the emergence of many real-time applications. Consequently, the age of information (AoI), which measures the freshness of information at a destination, has become a critical metric. To reduce interference and improve transmission performance, cell-free massive multiple-input multiple-output (mMIMO) has become a promising technology. In this paper, we develop a theoretical framework for analyzing AoI performance in different network environments. The analysis considers different spatial density scenarios, energy arrival probabilities, and channel access probabilities. In particular, we consider the randomness of node distribution and energy arrival through stochastic geometry and queueing theory. Numerical results validate the accuracy of the theoretical analysis and show the impact of key parameters such as transmission threshold, energy arrival probability and access probability on the average AoI in cell-free mMIMO networks.