Astraea: Enforcing DPU Performance Isolation in Public Clouds

The absence of effective performance isolation mechanisms hinders deploying Data Processing Units (DPUs) in public clouds for multi-application co-location scenarios. To address this challenge, we introduce Astraea, an efficient DPU performance isolation framework targeting DPU-specific computational resources. Astraea overcomes significant obstacles posed by proprietary, high-level SDK interfaces and coarse-grained First-Come-First-Served (FCFS) scheduling via resource occupation profiling, task splitting and workload-guided scheduling. Our open-source prototype on NVIDIA BlueField-3 DPUs reduces SLA violation rates for latency-sensitive applications from 47.66% to just 14.84% versus natives, while introducing less than 4% performance overhead.