Development of a Healthy Lifestyle Brief Intervention (HLBI) Program Using the Delphi Method

This study aimed to develop the structure and items of the Healthy Lifestyle Brief Intervention (HLBI) program, based on the Healthy Lifestyle Screening (HLS), and to evaluate its structural validity using a systematic Delphi process. While the traditional SBIRT (Screening, Brief Intervention, and Referral to Treatment) model has primarily focused on high-risk populations for addiction, this study introduced an expanded framework called L-SBIRT (Lifestyle-SBIRT), designed for general health behavior interventions. In this model, HLBI serves as the brief intervention component, calibrated to match the intensity of engagement with individual lifestyle risk levels. A three-round Delphi survey was conducted with 29 experts from various fields, including healthcare, psychology, addiction counseling, nursing, and social work. The first round, utilized open-ended questions to identify essential components of the HLBI. The second round assessed six self-reflective interview questions for clarity and practical utility. In the third round, 12 refined items were evaluated based on criteria such as content validity ratio (CVR), convergence, and consensus, leading to the final item selection. The finalized HLBI structure composed of five progressive stages: (1)score awareness, (2)recognition of strengths and weaknesses, (3)motivation assessment, (4)action planning, and (5)expression of behavioral intention. This study lays a theoretical and practical foundation for the future validation and implementation of HLBI in various real-world health promotion contexts.