Awareness and utilization of family planning methods among women of reproductive age in Basrah, Iraq

Background: Family planning is vital for reproductive health, helping reduce maternal mortality and improve women's quality of life. In Basrah, Iraq, the use of modern contraceptives remains limited due to cultural, social, and healthcare barriers. This study explores awareness, usage patterns, and socio-demographic factors influencing family planning among reproductive-age women in the region. Material and methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted among 320 currently or previously married women aged 18-49 years attending primary healthcare centers in Basrah from October 2023 to October 2024. Data were collected using a structured interviewer-administered questionnaire. The questionnaire covered socio-demographic details, awareness of FP methods, current and past contraceptive use, and barriers to utilization. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 26, with Chi-square tests applied to assess associations between variables (p< 0.05 considered significant). Results: Among respondents, 87.5% had heard of at least one modern contraceptive method, with oral contraceptive pills (87.5%), injectables (78.1%), and IUDs (75%) being the most recognized. Current contraceptive use was reported by 50% of participants, and 68.8% had ever used any method. Common barriers to use included fear of side effects (25%), spousal objection (18.8%), and cultural beliefs (15.6%). Statistically significant associations were found between contraceptive use and higher educational level, employment, and partner support (p< 0.05). Conclusion: Despite high awareness, contraceptive utilization among women in Basrah remains moderate and is influenced by socio-cultural dynamics and limited access to comprehensive services. Interventions should target both individual knowledge and systemic barriers to increase equitable use of family planning.