Cognitive modeling: theoretical bases, methods, limitations

Objective : to review the field of cognitive-intelligent modeling and the field of knowledge visualization to identify unresolved issues, challenges and risks. Methods : an overview of the field of cognitive modeling, which is viewed as a set of methods for the external representation of human cognitive structures and processes in the form of formal or ill-formalized cognitive maps. Some of the problems, risks, and cognitive distortions are described that arise in the conceptualization of knowledge and affect the validity, quality, reading, and understanding of cognitive models. Results: the author shows the relationship of cognitive modeling with the concepts of ill-structured problems and wicked problems that describe a class of complex real-world situations. Five categories of cognitive modeling methods and ways of constructing collective cognitive maps were briefly described. The interrelation of cognitive modeling and knowledge management in terms of knowledge conceptualization were determined. Some risks of knowledge visualization were summarized, including excessive confidence in the visualization reliability; ambiguous interpretations due to multiple implicit meanings; dependence on the user’s previous experience and visual literacy. Unresolved issues of reliability, quality, reading, and understanding of cognitive models were outlined. A methodological gap was identified in the transition from an ill-formalized to a formal cognitive map. A shortage of review papers was marked to systematize and comprehend the results, experience and knowledge in the field of cognitive modeling. Scientific novelty : the conducted review of the field of cognitive modeling allowed setting and justifying the research task of integrating cognitive modeling methods and knowledge visualization methods to reduce the risks arising from cognitive distortions in human intellectual activity. Practical significance : the risks of cognitive distortion associated with any process of cognitive-intellectual modeling should be taken into account by both modelers and users. It is impossible to eliminate these risks completely, but they can be reduced to an acceptable extent through the combined use of cognitive modeling and knowledge visualization methods.