Impact of frailty on the outcomes of isolated coronary artery bypass grafting surgery

Objective: Evaluate the impact of frailty on the outcomes of isolated coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) surgery. Subjects and Methods: A prospective, cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted on 195 patients undergoing non –emergency elective isolated CABG from January 2023 to February 2024 at Hanoi Heart Hospital. Frailty was assessed using the Essential Frailty Toolset (EFT). Results: The prevalence of frailty syndrome was 21.01%, and the prevalence of pre-frailty was 53.3%. Frail patients were older, had a higher proportion of females, more comorbidities, a higher incidence of renal insufficiency, and greater dependency in daily functional activities compared to the pre-frail and non-frail groups (p < 0.05). Intraoperatively frail patients had higher rates of stroke, acute kidney injury, premature ventricular contractions, new-onset atrial fibrillation, pneumonia, and sepsis compared to the other groups (p < 0.05). Frail patients also had longer durations of mechanical ventilation and ICU stay, as well as a higher perioperative mortality rate compared to the pre-frail and non-frail groups. Multivariate analysis showed that frailty increased the risk of postoperative pneumonia by 4.38 times and the risk of composite STS adverse events by 1.67 times (p < 0.05). Conclusion: Frailty syndrome, as assessed by the Essential Frailty Toolset, is a useful tool for identifying patients at higher risk of adverse outcomes following CABG surgery.