Appropriate Thresholds and Metrics for LEVEL(S) Key Performance Indicators (KPIs)

The European Union’s LEVEL(S) framework establishes a standardized methodology for evaluating and documenting the sustainability of buildings across Europe, aiming to enhance the sustainability, competitiveness, and resilience of the EU’s built environment. This study investigates the theoretical foundations and practical applications of the LEVEL(S) framework in advancing sustainable building practices. The research begins with a systematic identification of gaps in existing sustainability indicators, such as the absence of specific metrics and undefined thresholds, identified in the author’s previous work. To address these gaps, the study introduces new thresholds informed by an extensive review of the relevant literature and performance data. Additionally, the research synthesized a comprehensive Table by analyzing EU user manuals, the related academic literature, and various Green Building Rating Systems (GBRSs), thereby facilitating the extraction of pertinent standards and regulations. Collectively, these findings provide valuable resources for policymakers and stakeholders, ensuring that the recommendations are closely aligned with the LEVEL(S) framework and can be effectively applied to real-world building projects throughout Europe.