A Systematic Review of Water, Sanitation and Hygiene of Bangladesh: Prospects and Challenges to Achieve Sustainable Development

ABSTRACT This systematic review examines the current WASH scenario in Bangladesh, highlighting its challenges, prospects and sustainability. Analysing 102 studies from sources like Google Scholar, ScienceDirect, government reports (2000–2023) and international reports, this review assesses WASH infrastructure, policy effectiveness and climate resilience of WASH services. Findings reveal that 41% of the population lack safely managed drinking water, 69% lack managed sanitation, and 38% lack basic hygiene in Bangladesh. Despite progress towards SDG 6, regional disparities persist, particularly in rural and urban slum areas. Challenges include ageing infrastructure, technical inefficiencies, fragmented institutional frameworks, inadequate financing and climate‐related threats. The study underscores the need for inclusive, sustainable strategies to improve WASH services. Government and private sector interventions are crucial for enhancing accessibility and resilience. Strengthening national policies and investment in sustainable infrastructure can significantly improve WASH conditions, ensuring equitable access and supporting public health and economic development in Bangladesh.