Effect of Carbon Fixation Time on the Properties of Gangue–Fly Ash Composite Filling Materials: Carbon Fixation Amount and Rheological Properties

Coal-based solid wastes are used for carbon fixation, which can achieve the dual purpose of resource utilization of coal-based solid wastes and CO2 storage, but carbon fixation has a negative impact on the rheological properties of filling slurry. This paper explores the effect of carbon fixation time on the carbon fixation performance and rheological properties of coal gangue (CG)–fly ash (FA) composite filling materials (CFS) through rheometer, X-ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and other testing methods. The results show that, with an increase in the carbon fixation time, the carbon fixation amount of the CFS shows a trend of increasing first and then stabilizing. Considering the carbon fixation amount and rheological properties of the CFS together, the optimal carbon fixation time is 2 h. At this time, the carbon fixation amount of the CFS is 1.18%, and the yield stress and plastic viscosity are 155.93 Pa and 0.17 Pa·s, respectively. However, with a further increase in the carbon fixation time, the carbon fixation amount basically tends to be stable, mainly because the calcium ions in the CFS are gradually consumed by the reaction as the carbon fixation time increases. The research results are of great significance for improving the utilization of coal-based solid waste and CO2 storage.