Post-Hajj 2024: Molecular Detection and Variant Profiling of SARS-CoV-2 in Ivorian Travelers

The COVID-19 pandemic has been a major threat to global public health, particularly in mass gatherings such as the Hajj. This paper explores the detection and molecular characterization of SARS-CoV-2 infections in Ivorian pilgrims who participated in the Hajj in 2024. Methods: RT-PCR for the detection of SARS-CoV-2, followed by sequencing of the Spike protein gene was performed on nasopharyngeal swabs from Ivorian pilgrims returning from the Hajj 2024. Descriptive and phylogenetic analyses were performed to identify socio-demographic factors and SARS-CoV-2 lineages present in these pilgrims. Results: A significant percentage of pilgrims tested positive for SARS-CoV-2. subjects aged over 65 were affected, with a predominance of women. Phylogenetic analysis highlighted the link between viruses detected in pilgrims returning from Mecca and strains circulating in Saudi Arabia, confirming the source of contamination. Conclusion: The study highlights the need for rigorous monitoring of the elderly and appropriate vaccination campaigns for pilgrims. The data collected provide a valuable basis for anticipating future epidemic outbreaks and reinforcing health safety at religious gatherings.