Optimization of Prefabricated Building Component Distribution Under Dynamic Charging Strategy for Electric Heavy-Duty Trucks

To align with the adoption of electric vehicles in the transportation sector, this paper proposes the use of electric heavy-duty trucks for the logistics and distribution of large prefabricated building components. This approach aims to address the problems of high total costs and significant energy waste in prefabricated component transportation. Focusing on the multi-to-multi distribution mode, a two-level optimization model is constructed. The upper-level model is responsible for the reasonable allocation of demand points. The lower-level model optimizes the selection of road network nodes and charging stations along the delivery routes. It also dynamically adjusts charging timing and volume according to the real-time power situation. To enhance solution performance, a two-level multi-objective evolutionary algorithm based on Pareto theory is designed. This algorithm simultaneously optimizes distribution costs while coordinating path planning and charging strategies. Comparative experiments across different cases show that, compared with traditional single-level and multi-stage models, the proposed algorithm improves both solution accuracy and quality. Additionally, when compared with the scheduling scheme based on the full-charge capacity strategy, the dynamic charging strategy proposed in this paper reduces the total distribution cost by approximately 15.83%. These findings demonstrate that the constructed model and algorithm can effectively optimize the logistics and distribution of prefabricated components. They also provide a feasible solution for the practical application of electric vehicles in engineering logistics.