Planning Sustainable Food Systems: GIS Based Greenhouse Site Selection and Green Logistics Integration in the Eastern Black Sea Region

The sustainable development of food production systems in ecologically sensitive regions necessitates infrastructure planning that is spatially optimized, low-emission and logistically efficient. This study presents an integrated Geographic Information Systems (GIS)-based framework for the optimal siting of greenhouse facilities in the Eastern Black Sea region of Türkiye. The approach synthesizes spatial analysis with principles of green logistics and origin-destination modeling to identify environmentally and socio-economically viable locations. Utilizing ArcMap 10.5, the analysis incorporates diverse datasets, including transportation networks, population density, climatological variables (temperature, precipitation, solar exposure, wind speed) and topographic parameters (altitude, slope, aspect). Land suitability is evaluated using weighted overlay, weighted sum and fuzzy logic techniques, allowing for the integrated assessment of environmental, infrastructural and socio-economic dimensions. Additionally, travel distance, transport-related emissions and labor accessibility are modeled to inform the logistical sustainability at prospective sites. The findings highlight high-potential zones predominantly situated in the coastal lowlands and transitional inland areas of Ordu, Giresun and select parts of Trabzon and Gümüşhane. The study contributes a scalable spatial decision support model that integrates rigorous geospatial analytics with sustainability imperatives, thereby fostering the advancement of resilient and low-carbon agricultural infrastructure.