Exploring disaster resilience strategies for temple spaces: evidence from Longmen Mountain area in Sichuan

Traditional temple spaces in the Longmen Mountain area of Sichuan Province, shaped by natural ecosystems and Chinese geomancy, reflect adaptability in the human–land relationship. However, their long-term survival in hazardous environments remains unclear. This study investigates their disaster-prevention adaptability using field surveys, geospatial data, and quantitative methods such as GIS spatial analysis. Results show that temples in disaster-prone areas favor flat terrains like towns, suburbs, and mountain platforms. As altitude and slope increase, the proportion of disaster-prevention space also rises, demonstrating adaptive principles. Complex spatial forms diversify disaster-prevention spaces, while simpler forms enable quicker refuge establishment. These findings provide insights into disaster prevention planning for modern human settlements.