Interlayer Nanoarchitecture Modification of Layered Materials in Rechargeable Metal-Ion Batteries

Abstract In this new era of energy, a tendency to increase the power density and capacity of advanced rechargeable batteries is urgently needed. With research on metal-ion (Li + , Na + , K + , Zn 2+ , Mg 2+ , and Al 3+ ) batteries based on and beyond rocking-chair mechanism development, more attention has been given to modification of electrode materials. Layered materials, along with their two-dimensional (2D) analogs, show remarkable superiority in ion-intercalation chemistry and modification feasibility. In this context, extensive experimental and theoretical studies have been conducted in the design of interlayer nanoarchitectures to optimize their electrochemical performance. This review provides a comprehensive summary of the modification strategies for the interlayer nanostructure of layered materials, reveals the relationships between the inserted species and electrochemical performance, and offers guidance on the modification parameters for various metal-ion batteries. Finally, an outlook of the application potential, future research directions, and remaining challenges is provided. Overall, this review underscores the importance of material modification in achieving high-power density and high-capacity electrodes for batteries, paving the way for significant advancements in energy storage technology. Graphical abstract