Computational and Experimental Insights into Tyrosinase and Antioxidant Activities of Resveratrol and Its Derivatives: Molecular Docking, Molecular Dynamics Simulation, DFT Calculation, and In Vitro Evaluation

Resveratrol, a natural stilbene found in various plants, is mainly known for its strong antioxidant activities exhibiting a comprehensive range of treatments for some skin disorders such as skin cancer, photoaging, dermatitis, and melanogenesis. However, few studies have been conducted on the differences in biological activities between resveratrol and its derivatives. Therefore, we aimed to investigate the effects of resveratrol (<b>Re</b>) and its derivatives acetyl-resveratrol (<b>Are</b>), cis-trismethoxy resveratrol (<b>Cre</b>), dihydroresveratrol (<b>Dre</b>), and oxyresveratrol (<b>Ore</b>) on antioxidant and anti-tyrosinase effects using in vitro and in silico methods. In the in vitro results, <b>Ore</b> showed the highest antioxidant activity among the resveratrol derivatives and displayed stronger inhibitory activity against natural tyrosinase compared with that of kojic acid. Density functional theory (DFT) was used to calculate quantum chemical descriptors to understand the compounds' electronic and physicochemical properties. Molecular docking and molecular dynamics simulations were also performed to explore the corresponding binding mode and structural behavior, revealing that <b>Ore</b> exhibited the strongest binding interactions among resveratrol derivatives, primarily through hydrogen bonds and hydrophobic interactions with key amino acid residues. Moreover, all the resveratrol compounds demonstrated drug-likeness properties with predicted safe skin toxicity profiles. In conclusion, <b>Ore</b> exhibited the strongest tyrosinase inhibition and antioxidant activity among resveratrol derivatives in both in vitro and in silico assessments. Further research on the development of medicines, cosmetics, and food supplements of such compounds should be conducted.