Probing new light scalars with the lepton anomalous magnetic moment and the weak equivalence principle violation
Abstract A new scalar particle with generic couplings to the standard-model particles is a possible source for the lepton anomalous magnetic moment and the violation of the weak equivalence principle. Here, one-loop contributions to the lepton anomalous magnetic moment, involving the scalar-photon and scalar-lepton couplings, are calculated. Then, employing the recent experimental results of the electron anomalous magnetic moment, the muon anomalous magnetic moment, and the MICROSCOPE mission, we find the improved constraints on scalar-lepton and scalar-photon couplings: $$|\lambda _e|\le 6.0 \times 10^{-6}$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mrow> <mml:mrow> <mml:mo>|</mml:mo> </mml:mrow> <mml:msub> <mml:mi>λ</mml:mi> <mml:mi>e</mml:mi> </mml:msub> <mml:mrow> <mml:mo>|</mml:mo> <mml:mo>≤</mml:mo> <mml:mn>6.0</mml:mn> <mml:mo>×</mml:mo> </mml:mrow> <mml:msup> <mml:mn>10</mml:mn> <mml:mrow> <mml:mo>-</mml:mo> <mml:mn>6</mml:mn> </mml:mrow> </mml:msup> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> , $$|\lambda _\mu |\le 3.5\times 10^{-4}$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mrow> <mml:mrow> <mml:mo>|</mml:mo> </mml:mrow> <mml:msub> <mml:mi>λ</mml:mi> <mml:mi>μ</mml:mi> </mml:msub> <mml:mrow> <mml:mo>|</mml:mo> <mml:mo>≤</mml:mo> <mml:mn>3.5</mml:mn> <mml:mo>×</mml:mo> </mml:mrow> <mml:msup> <mml:mn>10</mml:mn> <mml:mrow> <mml:mo>-</mml:mo> <mml:mn>4</mml:mn> </mml:mrow> </mml:msup> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> , and $$|\lambda _\gamma |\le 4.5 \times 10^{-13}$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mrow> <mml:mrow> <mml:mo>|</mml:mo> </mml:mrow> <mml:msub> <mml:mi>λ</mml:mi> <mml:mi>γ</mml:mi> </mml:msub> <mml:mrow> <mml:mo>|</mml:mo> <mml:mo>≤</mml:mo> <mml:mn>4.5</mml:mn> <mml:mo>×</mml:mo> </mml:mrow> <mml:msup> <mml:mn>10</mml:mn> <mml:mrow> <mml:mo>-</mml:mo> <mml:mn>13</mml:mn> </mml:mrow> </mml:msup> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> $$\mathrm{eV^{-1}}$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:msup> <mml:mi>eV</mml:mi> <mml:mrow> <mml:mo>-</mml:mo> <mml:mn>1</mml:mn> </mml:mrow> </mml:msup> </mml:math> for scalar mass below $$10^4$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:msup> <mml:mn>10</mml:mn> <mml:mn>4</mml:mn> </mml:msup> </mml:math> eV. We find that the naive scaling relationship between the scalar-muon coupling and the scalar-electron coupling is favored by three experimental results. Furthermore, the minimal standard-model extension by one scalar is also favored by all three experiments, and the model parameter is constrained best to $$|\mathcal {A}|\le 1.7 \times 10^{-11}$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mrow> <mml:mrow> <mml:mo>|</mml:mo> <mml:mi>A</mml:mi> <mml:mo>|</mml:mo> </mml:mrow> <mml:mo>≤</mml:mo> <mml:mn>1.7</mml:mn> <mml:mo>×</mml:mo> <mml:msup> <mml:mn>10</mml:mn> <mml:mrow> <mml:mo>-</mml:mo> <mml:mn>11</mml:mn> </mml:mrow> </mml:msup> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> eV for $$m_{\phi }< 10^{-13}$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mrow> <mml:msub> <mml:mi>m</mml:mi> <mml:mi>ϕ</mml:mi> </mml:msub> <mml:mo><</mml:mo> <mml:msup> <mml:mn>10</mml:mn> <mml:mrow> <mml:mo>-</mml:mo> <mml:mn>13</mml:mn> </mml:mrow> </mml:msup> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> eV.
Authors
- D. Gao (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1697-7153)
- Xitong Mei (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0009-0006-5459-0706)
- Mingsheng Zhan (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7240-1952)
- Wei Zhao (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4045-4720)
- Jin Wang (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1830-8527)
Institutions
- Vaughn College of Aeronautics and Technology (US)
- Shandong University (CN)
- Hefei University (CN)
- Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics (CN)
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (CN)
- Wuhan Institute of Technology (CN)
Publication Details
- Journal
- The European Physical Journal C
- Published
- 2025-09-10
- DOI
- https://doi.org/10.1140/epjc/s10052-025-14693-x
- Primary Topic
- Dark Matter and Cosmic Phenomena
- Type
- article
- Field-Weighted Citation Impact
- 0.00
Funders
- Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province