Probing new light scalars with the lepton anomalous magnetic moment and the weak equivalence principle violation

Abstract A new scalar particle with generic couplings to the standard-model particles is a possible source for the lepton anomalous magnetic moment and the violation of the weak equivalence principle. Here, one-loop contributions to the lepton anomalous magnetic moment, involving the scalar-photon and scalar-lepton couplings, are calculated. Then, employing the recent experimental results of the electron anomalous magnetic moment, the muon anomalous magnetic moment, and the MICROSCOPE mission, we find the improved constraints on scalar-lepton and scalar-photon couplings: $$|\lambda _e|\le 6.0 \times 10^{-6}$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mrow> <mml:mrow> <mml:mo>|</mml:mo> </mml:mrow> <mml:msub> <mml:mi>λ</mml:mi> <mml:mi>e</mml:mi> </mml:msub> <mml:mrow> <mml:mo>|</mml:mo> <mml:mo>≤</mml:mo> <mml:mn>6.0</mml:mn> <mml:mo>×</mml:mo> </mml:mrow> <mml:msup> <mml:mn>10</mml:mn> <mml:mrow> <mml:mo>-</mml:mo> <mml:mn>6</mml:mn> </mml:mrow> </mml:msup> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> , $$|\lambda _\mu |\le 3.5\times 10^{-4}$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mrow> <mml:mrow> <mml:mo>|</mml:mo> </mml:mrow> <mml:msub> <mml:mi>λ</mml:mi> <mml:mi>μ</mml:mi> </mml:msub> <mml:mrow> <mml:mo>|</mml:mo> <mml:mo>≤</mml:mo> <mml:mn>3.5</mml:mn> <mml:mo>×</mml:mo> </mml:mrow> <mml:msup> <mml:mn>10</mml:mn> <mml:mrow> <mml:mo>-</mml:mo> <mml:mn>4</mml:mn> </mml:mrow> </mml:msup> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> , and $$|\lambda _\gamma |\le 4.5 \times 10^{-13}$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mrow> <mml:mrow> <mml:mo>|</mml:mo> </mml:mrow> <mml:msub> <mml:mi>λ</mml:mi> <mml:mi>γ</mml:mi> </mml:msub> <mml:mrow> <mml:mo>|</mml:mo> <mml:mo>≤</mml:mo> <mml:mn>4.5</mml:mn> <mml:mo>×</mml:mo> </mml:mrow> <mml:msup> <mml:mn>10</mml:mn> <mml:mrow> <mml:mo>-</mml:mo> <mml:mn>13</mml:mn> </mml:mrow> </mml:msup> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> $$\mathrm{eV^{-1}}$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:msup> <mml:mi>eV</mml:mi> <mml:mrow> <mml:mo>-</mml:mo> <mml:mn>1</mml:mn> </mml:mrow> </mml:msup> </mml:math> for scalar mass below $$10^4$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:msup> <mml:mn>10</mml:mn> <mml:mn>4</mml:mn> </mml:msup> </mml:math> eV. We find that the naive scaling relationship between the scalar-muon coupling and the scalar-electron coupling is favored by three experimental results. Furthermore, the minimal standard-model extension by one scalar is also favored by all three experiments, and the model parameter is constrained best to $$|\mathcal {A}|\le 1.7 \times 10^{-11}$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mrow> <mml:mrow> <mml:mo>|</mml:mo> <mml:mi>A</mml:mi> <mml:mo>|</mml:mo> </mml:mrow> <mml:mo>≤</mml:mo> <mml:mn>1.7</mml:mn> <mml:mo>×</mml:mo> <mml:msup> <mml:mn>10</mml:mn> <mml:mrow> <mml:mo>-</mml:mo> <mml:mn>11</mml:mn> </mml:mrow> </mml:msup> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> eV for $$m_{\phi }&lt; 10^{-13}$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mrow> <mml:msub> <mml:mi>m</mml:mi> <mml:mi>ϕ</mml:mi> </mml:msub> <mml:mo>&lt;</mml:mo> <mml:msup> <mml:mn>10</mml:mn> <mml:mrow> <mml:mo>-</mml:mo> <mml:mn>13</mml:mn> </mml:mrow> </mml:msup> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> eV.

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Journal
The European Physical Journal C
Published
2025-09-10
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1140/epjc/s10052-025-14693-x
Primary Topic
Dark Matter and Cosmic Phenomena
Type
article
Field-Weighted Citation Impact
0.00

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article

Probing new light scalars with the lepton anomalous magnetic moment and the weak equivalence principle violation

D. Gao, Xitong Mei, Mingsheng Zhan, Wei Zhao et al.
The European Physical Journal C
Dark Matter and Cosmic Phenomena
article

Probing new light scalars with the lepton anomalous magnetic moment and the weak equivalence principle violation

D. Gao, Xitong Mei, Mingsheng Zhan, Wei Zhao, Jin Wang
article en

Abstract

Abstract A new scalar particle with generic couplings to the standard-model particles is a possible source for the lepton anomalous magnetic moment and the violation of the weak equivalence principle. Here, one-loop contributions to the lepton anomalous magnetic moment, involving the scalar-photon and scalar-lepton couplings, are calculated. Then, employing the recent experimental results of the electron anomalous magnetic moment, the muon anomalous magnetic moment, and the MICROSCOPE mission, we find the improved constraints on scalar-lepton and scalar-photon couplings: $$|\lambda _e|\le 6.0 \times 10^{-6}$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mrow> <mml:mrow> <mml:mo>|</mml:mo> </mml:mrow> <mml:msub> <mml:mi>λ</mml:mi> <mml:mi>e</mml:mi> </mml:msub> <mml:mrow> <mml:mo>|</mml:mo> <mml:mo>≤</mml:mo> <mml:mn>6.0</mml:mn> <mml:mo>×</mml:mo> </mml:mrow> <mml:msup> <mml:mn>10</mml:mn> <mml:mrow> <mml:mo>-</mml:mo> <mml:mn>6</mml:mn> </mml:mrow> </mml:msup> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> , $$|\lambda _\mu |\le 3.5\times 10^{-4}$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mrow> <mml:mrow> <mml:mo>|</mml:mo> </mml:mrow> <mml:msub> <mml:mi>λ</mml:mi> <mml:mi>μ</mml:mi> </mml:msub> <mml:mrow> <mml:mo>|</mml:mo> <mml:mo>≤</mml:mo> <mml:mn>3.5</mml:mn> <mml:mo>×</mml:mo> </mml:mrow> <mml:msup> <mml:mn>10</mml:mn> <mml:mrow> <mml:mo>-</mml:mo> <mml:mn>4</mml:mn> </mml:mrow> </mml:msup> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> , and $$|\lambda _\gamma |\le 4.5 \times 10^{-13}$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mrow> <mml:mrow> <mml:mo>|</mml:mo> </mml:mrow> <mml:msub> <mml:mi>λ</mml:mi> <mml:mi>γ</mml:mi> </mml:msub> <mml:mrow> <mml:mo>|</mml:mo> <mml:mo>≤</mml:mo> <mml:mn>4.5</mml:mn> <mml:mo>×</mml:mo> </mml:mrow> <mml:msup> <mml:mn>10</mml:mn> <mml:mrow> <mml:mo>-</mml:mo> <mml:mn>13</mml:mn> </mml:mrow> </mml:msup> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> $$\mathrm{eV^{-1}}$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:msup> <mml:mi>eV</mml:mi> <mml:mrow> <mml:mo>-</mml:mo> <mml:mn>1</mml:mn> </mml:mrow> </mml:msup> </mml:math> for scalar mass below $$10^4$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:msup> <mml:mn>10</mml:mn> <mml:mn>4</mml:mn> </mml:msup> </mml:math> eV. We find that the naive scaling relationship between the scalar-muon coupling and the scalar-electron coupling is favored by three experimental results. Furthermore, the minimal standard-model extension by one scalar is also favored by all three experiments, and the model parameter is constrained best to $$|\mathcal {A}|\le 1.7 \times 10^{-11}$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mrow> <mml:mrow> <mml:mo>|</mml:mo> <mml:mi>A</mml:mi> <mml:mo>|</mml:mo> </mml:mrow> <mml:mo>≤</mml:mo> <mml:mn>1.7</mml:mn> <mml:mo>×</mml:mo> <mml:msup> <mml:mn>10</mml:mn> <mml:mrow> <mml:mo>-</mml:mo> <mml:mn>11</mml:mn> </mml:mrow> </mml:msup> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> eV for $$m_{\phi }&lt; 10^{-13}$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mrow> <mml:msub> <mml:mi>m</mml:mi> <mml:mi>ϕ</mml:mi> </mml:msub> <mml:mo>&lt;</mml:mo> <mml:msup> <mml:mn>10</mml:mn> <mml:mrow> <mml:mo>-</mml:mo> <mml:mn>13</mml:mn> </mml:mrow> </mml:msup> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> eV.

The European Physical Journal CVol. 85(9)
Vaughn College of Aeronautics and Technology (US), Shandong University (CN), Hefei University (CN), Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics (CN), University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (CN), Wuhan Institute of Technology (CN)
Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province
Openalex Percentile: Top 90%
Dark Matter and Cosmic Phenomena
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