Protocol for a Programme of Mixed-Methods Policy Research to Inform Primary Care’s Role in Symptomatic Early Cancer Detection in Ireland

<ns3:p>Background Primary care is key in the early detection of cancer, often serving as the first point of contact for patients presenting with symptoms. Effective early detection within primary care pathways has the potential to significantly improve patient outcomes by expediting diagnosis and access to treatment. However, in Ireland, primary care’s role in cancer control remains underdeveloped, with challenges such as inconsistent access to diagnostic tools, referral delays, and fragmented care pathways, limiting its effectiveness. International comparisons highlight the potential for primary care to play a more integrated and proactive role in cancer control strategies, particularly in early detection. Aims This protocol outlines a mixed methods research programme designed to evaluate and enhance the role of primary care in early cancer detection in Ireland. The studies will assess current practices, compare international models, and develop targeted policy recommendations to enhance early detection capabilities in primary care settings. Methods The programme will consist of three interconnected studies. Study 1 will involve a documentary analysis of Irish cancer policies using a systematic content analysis framework. Study 2 will conduct a rapid review of international literature and policies on early cancer detection in primary care. Study 3 will synthesise findings from the first two studies with data gathered through semi-structured interviews and roundtable discussions involving healthcare professionals, policymakers, and patient advocates. Stakeholder engagement will be embedded throughout the process, with public and patient involvement (PPI) ensuring the relevance of the research to patient-centred care. Conclusion This programme aims to provide a comprehensive understanding of primary care’s role in early cancer detection and identify practical strategies for enhancing its effectiveness within Ireland’s healthcare system. The findings will inform policy and practice, with the ultimate goal of improving early diagnosis rates, optimising cancer care pathways, and contributing to better patient outcomes.</ns3:p>