One‐step synthesis of zinc oxide nanoparticles using ammonium nitrate and extract of <i>Moringa oleifera</i> leaves as fuel

Abstract The primary aim of this study was to evaluate the antibacterial efficacy of the synthesized zinc oxide (ZnO) nanoparticles via solution combustion synthesis, utilizing an aqueous extract of Moringa oleifera . A preliminary biocompatibility assessment on human sperm was also performed to explore potential cytotoxic effects. The inclusion of ammonium nitrate as an additional oxidizing agent significantly influenced the physicochemical properties of the resulting nanoparticles. The particles exhibited average sizes around 10 nm and an increased specific surface area favorable for applications in catalysis, sensors, and electronic devices. Microscopy techniques confirmed the formation of polycrystalline ZnO nanoparticles with irregular and agglomerated morphologies. Antibacterial assays demonstrated strong inhibitory activity against Staphylococcus aureus , indicating potential for biomedical and environmental applications. Additionally, ZnO showed strong activity against S. aureus , with enhanced crystallinity and surface area. Preliminary sperm tests showed low toxicity. These findings support eco‐friendly ZnO synthesis for biomedical use.