Multigroup analysis of Islamic Higher Education and General Higher Education in Indonesia: the influence of family socioeconomic background, possibility of success, and self-efficacy on student academic performance with resilience as a mediator

Universities aim to enhance students’ acquisition of useful knowledge and skills, crucial for their future success. This correlational study investigates the relationships between family socioeconomic status, perceived probability of success, self-efficacy, and academic performance among Indonesian students in Islamic Higher Education (IHE) and General Higher Education (GHE). It further explores the mediating role of resilience in these relationships. Using Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM) and Multigroup Analysis (MGA), data from 424 students (311 from IHE and 113 from GHE) were analyzed. Findings reveal that parental education and family economic status do not significantly predict resilience or academic performance in either group. However, self-efficacy significantly predicts resilience in both groups. Additionally, perceived probability of success positively predicts academic performance in both educational settings. Resilience significantly mediates and enhances academic performance, particularly among GHE students. The study emphasizes the importance of psychological factors like self-efficacy and resilience in supporting students’ academic outcomes. Practical implications include developing specific programs or workshops to enhance university students’ self-efficacy and resilience, such as stress management training, goal-setting sessions, and peer mentoring activities. Future studies should incorporate broader psychological and social variables across diverse student populations.