Dynamic Consensus Algorithm-based Hierarchical Control with Adaptive Virtual Impedance for Active Distribution Network

Active distribution network (ADN) incorporates numerous controllable resources such as distributed generators (DGs), energy storage systems, and flexible loads. When operating in islanding mode, these resources can be coordinately controlled to ensure power supply reliability for critical loads. However, existing mainstream methods either impose high requirements on DG capacity configurations or depend on centralized communication control systems. This paper proposes a distributed hierarchical control scheme that eliminates the need for detailed network configuration knowledge and reduces the dependence on the communication system. Building upon grid-forming primary control, the scheme utilizes a multi-agent communication system to acquire information only from adjacent DGs. By dynamically adjusting the virtual impedance between power sources and grid connection points, it achieves accurate power sharing through a dynamic consensus algorithm while maintaining system frequency stability and average voltage restoration. Case studies implemented in MATLAB/Simulink validate the effectiveness of the proposed strategy via time-domain simulation tests.