TYPE 4 MACULAR NEOVASCULARIZATION
Type 4 MNV represents a distinct age-related macular degeneration phenotype with aggressive anatomical features including mixed Type 1 and 2 MNV, inner retinal and preretinal proliferation and anastomosis and retinal disorganization. The visual prognosis is invariably poor with recalcitrance to anti-vascular endothelial growth factor therapy. The recognition of this signature NV lesion subtype further refines the MNV classification system and can affect therapeutic strategies for neovascular age-related macular degeneration.
Authors
- Giuseppe Querques (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3292-9581)
- Alberto Quarta (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0818-6124)
- Anna C. S. Tan (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9266-3589)
- Alessandro Feo (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0009-0005-2999-6782)
- Kelvin Yi Chong Teo (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7458-7081)
- David Sarraf (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4018-2702)
- Marko M. Popovic (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0370-5968)
- Wael M. El-Haig (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1544-3130)
- Alejandro Itzam Marin
- Hiok Hong Chan (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4660-1739)
- Diogo Cabral (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1968-3561)
- Elodie Bousquet (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5926-1385)
- Chui Ming Gemmy Cheung (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3358-3516)
- Andrea Govetto (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2192-810X)
- Rodolfo Mastropasqua (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1541-4735)
- Mario R. Romano
- SriniVas R. Sadda (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4939-3306)
Institutions
- Humanitas University (IT)
- Vita-Salute San Raffaele University (IT)
- University of California, Los Angeles (US)
- National University of Singapore (SG)
- University of Toronto (CA)
- Zagazig University (EG)
- Singapore National Eye Center (SG)
- University of Chieti-Pescara (IT)
- Doheny Eye Institute (US)
- Assistance Publique – Hôpitaux de Paris (FR)
- Southern California Eye Institute (US)
- Singapore Eye Research Institute (SG)
- Hôpital Lariboisière (FR)
- Humanitas Castelli (IT)
- Humanitas Gavazzeni (IT)
- Duke-NUS Medical School (SG)
- Câmara Municipal de Almada (PT)
- Istituti di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IT)
- VA Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System (US)
- Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico San Raffaele (IT)
- Universidade Nova de Lisboa (PT)
Publication Details
- Journal
- Retina
- Published
- 2025-09-09
- DOI
- https://doi.org/10.1097/iae.0000000000004664
- Citations
- 2
- Primary Topic
- Retinal Imaging and Analysis
- Type
- article
- Field-Weighted Citation Impact
- 2.72