The Specific Genomic Alterations and Molecular Mechanisms of Liver Metastases in Patients with Lung Adenocarcinoma

Given the limited diagnostic technologies and treatment options available for lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) patients with liver metastases, it is crucial to identify potential genomic signatures associated with liver metastasis, which could significantly contribute to the development of improved diagnostic tools and treatment strategies for LUAD patients with liver metastases. In this study, we identified specific genetic alterations in tumor samples with liver metastases by targeted capture sequencing. The results showed that the significantly higher mutation frequencies of <i>KRAS</i>, <i>STK11</i> and <i>ERBB2</i> in LUAD patients with liver metastases and <i>ERBB2</i> and <i>STK11</i> mutations found in both tumor tissues and plasma samples from patients with liver metastases. In addition, the higher mutation frequencies of <i>KRAS</i> and <i>STK11</i> in the group with early-stage liver metastasis suggested that mutations in <i>KRAS</i> and <i>STK11</i> may play crucial roles in promoting liver metastases in LUAD patients at an early stage. Furthermore, the significantly higher TMB in the late-stage liver metastasis group indicated that patients with late-stage liver metastasis may have a better response to immunotherapy compared to those with early-stage liver metastasis. These findings provide valuable insights for developing detection tools and tailoring individualized treatments for such patients.