Hydroxy Diphosphonic Acid‐Anchored Self‐Assembled Monolayers Enable Annealing‐Free High‐Efficiency Hole Transport Layers for Organic Solar Cells
This study presents a novel carbazole derivative functionalized with hydroxy diphosphonic acid groups (HDPACz) as an efficient annealing-free hole transport layer (HTL) through strong bidentate anchoring to indium tin oxide (ITO). Compared to conventional mono-phosphonic acid counterparts, HDPACz demonstrates superior ITO surface coverage and interfacial dipole, effectively modulating the work function of ITO. Theoretical calculations reveal enhanced adsorption energy (-3.95 vs -1.87 eV for 2PACz) and interfacial dipole strength in HDPACz. Organic solar cells (OSCs) employing 1-HDPACz achieve a remarkable power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 19.38% with a high fill factor (77.22%). This work provides a new strategy for developing cost-effective and scalable annealing-free HTLs for high-performance photovoltaics.
Authors
- Hao Lu (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0559-9417)
- Hui-Lin Guo (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0009-0002-4355-8461)
- Andong Zhang (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0009-0002-3629-1252)
- Huanxiang Jiang
- Zhishan Bo (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0126-7957)
- Guodong Yang (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6437-6897)
Institutions
- Qingdao University (CN)
- Beijing Normal University (CN)
Publication Details
- Journal
- Small
- Published
- 2025-09-10
- DOI
- https://doi.org/10.1002/smll.202504509
- Citations
- 3
- Primary Topic
- Organic Electronics and Photovoltaics
- Type
- article
- Field-Weighted Citation Impact
- 2.19