Geographic variation in chemical composition and bioactivity of <scp> <i>Valeriana wallichii</i> </scp> root oils: implications for botanical fumigant development against stored‐product insects

An acid-dominant Indian chemotype maximizes volatile bioactivity, with short-chain acids and 5-methylfurfural as primary drivers. Species-specific sensitivity supports targeted deployment (e.g., sachet-style emitters for mites/moths) and chemotype standardization. These findings advance botanical fumigant development by pinpointing active classes and geo-source effects, guiding low-residue controlled-release formulations and synergist-augmented strategies for tolerant coleopterans. © 2025 Society of Chemical Industry.