Bio‐Scaffold Developed With Decellularized Human Amniotic Membrane Composite <scp>3D</scp> Umbilical Cord Mesenchymal Stem Cell Spheroids Accelerate the Repair of Rat Defective Wounds

Defective wounds pose health risks, and treatment is challenging. Umbilical cord-derived mesenchymal stem cells (UCMSCs) show promise for healing. Primary UCMSCs were isolated and extracted in vitro, and the proliferation and differentiation characteristics were detected by flow cytometry and trilineage differentiation, and a 3D spherical cell culture was performed. The human amniotic membranes (HAMs) were decellularized, and two-dimensional suspension cells and 3D spheroids were compounded onto the decellularized HAMs (dHAMs) to make biological dressings, and the cytocompatibility of the bio-scaffold was detected in vitro. A rat model evaluated wound healing with 3D-UCMSCs-dHAM, measuring changes and conducting biopsies. 3D-UCMSCs can be tightly attached to the basal layer of dHAMs and form protein adhesions with fiber scaffolds to create good biological dressings. In rat animal experiments, histopathological examination confirmed that the healing quality of the biological dressing treatment group was higher; infiltrating fibroblasts were present in the dermis, neovascularization occurred, inflammatory infiltration was reduced, myofibroblast proliferation was reduced, collagen matrix production was reduced, and epidermal regeneration was complete. The biological dressing of 3D-UCMSCs-dHAM on the full-thickness defect wound of rats accelerates the remodeling and maturation of tissues, promotes the generation of neovascularization and the regeneration of skin attachments, and provides a new way for the treatment of 3D-UCMSCs in skin wounds in the future.