Enhancing vocabulary mastery: The impact of learner-created digital flashcards on L2 vocabulary learning and self-regulation

Acquiring and retaining vocabulary is a cornerstone of mastering a new language, and digital tools are playing an increasingly significant role in this process. This study investigated the role of Quizlet, a digital flashcard application, as a self-regulated learning (SRL) tool in enhancing vocabulary acquisition among upper-intermediate English learners. Specifically, it examined the effectiveness of self-created digital flashcards on second and foreign language vocabulary learning, alongside the SRL strategies used by learners throughout the process. A quasi-experimental pretest and post-test non-equivalent groups design was employed, involving 22 Turkish learners of English (12 in the experimental group and 10 in the control group). Participants were assessed through pre- and post-vocabulary tests, pre- and post-self-regulation questionnaire and semi-structured asynchronous written interviews. The findings revealed a statistically significant improvement in the post-test scores of the experimental group compared to the control group, highlighting the efficacy of self-created digital flashcards. Furthermore, correlations between SRL strategies, particularly metacognitive strategies and emotional regulation, and vocabulary learning gains highlighted the value of SRL principles in language education. The study concluded that integrating digital tools like Quizlet with SRL principles not only facilitates vocabulary retention but also promotes autonomous learning, providing valuable insights for digital language learning contexts. Implications for practice or policy: Educators can integrate digital flashcard tools like Quizlet to enhance vocabulary learning and self-regulated learning skills. Instructional designers can use these tools to create interactive, learner-centred activities. Policymakers can promote learner autonomy by incorporating digital tools and SRL principles into language education policies.