Mechanistic analysis of lignocellulosic biomass saccharification by the filamentous fungus <i>Talaromyces cellulolyticus</i>

Lignocellulosic biomass is a carbon-neutral resource crucial to advancing a bio-based economy. The filamentous fungus Talaromyces cellulolyticus demonstrates superior biomass saccharification efficiency compared to conventional enzyme-producing fungi, making it a promising host for enzymatic biomass conversion. To enable molecular studies, we developed a robust genetic transformation system for T. cellulolyticus and identified key transcription factors regulating saccharifying enzyme genes, classified into 3 functional groups. Manipulation of these regulators significantly enhanced enzyme production. Additionally, we purified individual enzymes and conducted biochemical and structural analyses, leading to the discovery of a novel xylanase with unique side-chain recognition. The integration of genetic and enzymatic insights advances both our understanding of fungal saccharification systems and the development of more efficient biomass-to-sugar conversion strategies for sustainable biotechnological applications.