Association of autoimmune disease with melanoma and nonmelanoma skin cancers

This study examines the association between autoimmune diseases and melanoma/nonmelanoma skin cancer using data from the All of Us Research Program. We conducted a cross-sectional analysis including 419 789 participants using multivariable logistic regression models adjusting for sociodemographic variables, comorbidities and immunosuppressant use. We found significant associations between melanoma and Sjögren syndrome, inflammatory bowel disease, vitiligo and autoimmune thyroiditis. Nonmelanoma skin cancer risk was elevated in Sjögren syndrome, inflammatory bowel disease and type 1 diabetes mellitus. Our finding of increased melanoma and basal cell carcinoma risk in vitiligo contrasts with prior studies. These differences may reflect increased genetic diversity in our cohort or confounding by immune checkpoint inhibitor use. Our findings demonstrate increased risk of both melanoma and nonmelanoma skin cancer in patients with select autoimmune diseases, highlighting the importance of heightened surveillance in high-risk autoimmune populations and the need for future research into immune-related mechanisms driving skin cancer susceptibility.