Peritoneal Dialysis in Italy: the 9th GPDP-SIN Census 2024. Twenty Years of Monitoring Peritoneal Dialysis.

<b>Objectives.</b> We report here the results of the 9th National Census (Cs-24) of Peritoneal Dialysis in Italy, carried out in 2025 by the Italian Society of Nephrology's Peritoneal Dialysis Project Group and relating to 2024. <b>Methods.</b> The Census was conducted in the 228 non pediatric centers which performed Peritoneal Dialysis (PD) in 2024. The results have been compared with previous Censuses carried out since 2005. <b>Results.</b> Incidence: in 2024, 1,398 patients (CAPD = 55.1%) started on PD (1st treatment for ESRD). PD was started incrementally by 40.2% of these in 155 Centers. The catheter was positioned exclusively by a Nephrologist in 19.2% of known cases. Prevalence: of the 4,322 patients on PD at 31/12/2024 (CAPD=43.7%), 21.4% were on assisted PD (family member caregiver: 86.2%). Out: in 2024 the PD dropout rate (ep/100 pt-yrs) was: 12.7 to HD; 9.7 death; 8.5 Tx. The main cause of transfer to HD remains peritonitis (21.8%), although it is still decreasing (Cs-05: 37.9%). Peritonitis/EPS: the incidence of peritonitis in 2024 was 0.164 ep/pt-yr (647 episodes). The incidence of new cases of EPS in 2023-24 (9 cases) was unchanged. Other results: 3.86%-PET remains the most widely-used test (58.1%); most of the Centers do not carry out Home Visits (54.1%); training is mainly carried out in-Center (49.1% of the Centers). <b>Conclusions.</b> Cs-24 confirms the good results PD is having in Italy, where it is experiencing a slight upturn.