Factors Influencing Betel Quid Chewing and Health Perceptions among the Orang Asli in Peninsular Malaysia

Betel quid chewing is a culturally-rooted oral health risk behavior that is prevalent in many Southeast Asian communities. Among Malaysia's indigenous community, particularly in isolated areas, data on betel quid chewing remain limited. This study investigated the influencing factors and health perceptions of betel quid use among 180 adults from a Proto-Malay Orang Asli community in Peninsular Malaysia. A validated questionnaire adapted from national health survey gathered data on demographics, betel quid chewing habits, and knowledge and attitude on betel quid use. Descriptive statistics determined prevalence and health behavior, while bivariate and multivariate logistic regressions identified associated factors. The prevalence of current betel quid chewing was 75.9%. Chewing was more common among individuals aged ≥ 40, those with lower education, and those with strong family traditions of chewing. Multivariate analysis showed that older age (AOR = 1.126; 95% CI: 1.071-1.183; p < 0.001) significantly predicted current use. The findings highlight the need for culturally sensitive oral health strategies tailored to each indigenous communities.