Synthesis of novel hydrogen bonded organic frameworks (HOFs) for optoelectronic applications

Hydrogen-bonded organic frameworks (HOFs) have emerged as promising candidates for optoelectronic applications, attributed to their solution processability, high crystallinity, excellent recyclability, facile purification, intrinsic flexibility, dynamic responsiveness to external stimuli, and the presence of abundant hydrogen bonds. Herein, we offer a systematic review of the latest advancements in HOF materials, with a particular focus on their preparation techniques and diverse applications. Specifically, the fundamental strategies for constructing and synthesizing HOFs with enhanced stability and optimized properties are summarized. Various synthesis methodologies are comprehensively analyzed, including solution processing, hydrothermal synthesis, electrodeposition, epitaxial growth, electrostatic spraying, and so on. These techniques are applicable for fabricating HOFs in diverse forms, such as powdered, single-crystal, and thin-film states. Leveraging their distinctive characteristics, HOFs can be applied to some emerging cutting-edge optoelectronic fields, such as memristors and artificial synapses, neuromorphic computing, highly sensitive optical sensors, advanced artificial sensory systems, and so on. Finally, the discussion concludes with a critical assessment of the current challenges that impede the large-scale adoption and optimization of HOF materials. This review provides valuable insights into the optimization of synthesis conditions for achieving desired material properties, aiming to accelerate the development of HOF-based technologies in both academic and industrial contexts.