New 4D lattice QCD equation of state: Extended density coverage from a generalized <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mrow><mml:msup><mml:mrow><mml:mi>T</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mo>′</mml:mo></mml:
We present a new equation of state for QCD in which the temperature <a:math xmlns:a="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><a:mi>T</a:mi></a:math> and the three chemical potentials for baryon number <c:math xmlns:c="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><c:msub><c:mi>μ</c:mi><c:mi>B</c:mi></c:msub></c:math>, electric charge <e:math xmlns:e="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><e:msub><e:mi>μ</e:mi><e:mi>Q</e:mi></e:msub></e:math>, and strangeness <g:math xmlns:g="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><g:msub><g:mi>μ</g:mi><g:mi>S</g:mi></g:msub></g:math> can be varied independently. This result is based on a generalization of the <i:math xmlns:i="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><i:msup><i:mi>T</i:mi><i:mo>′</i:mo></i:msup></i:math> expansion scheme, thanks to which the diagonal <k:math xmlns:k="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><k:msub><k:mi>μ</k:mi><k:mi>B</k:mi></k:msub></k:math> extrapolation was pushed up to a baryo-chemical potential <m:math xmlns:m="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><m:msub><m:mi>μ</m:mi><m:mi>B</m:mi></m:msub><m:mo>/</m:mo><m:mi>T</m:mi><m:mo>∼</m:mo><m:mn>3.5</m:mn></m:math> for the first time. This considerably extended the coverage of the Taylor expansion, limited to <o:math xmlns:o="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><o:mrow><o:msub><o:mrow><o:mi>μ</o:mi></o:mrow><o:mrow><o:mi>B</o:mi></o:mrow></o:msub><o:mo>/</o:mo><o:mi>T</o:mi><o:mo><</o:mo><o:mn>2.5</o:mn><o:mi>–</o:mi><o:mn>3</o:mn></o:mrow></o:math>. As a consequence, we are able to offer a substantially larger coverage of the four-dimensional QCD phase diagram as well, compared to previously available Taylor expansion results. Our findings are based on new continuum estimated lattice data on the full set of second- and fourth-order fluctuations.
Authors
- Szabolcs Borsányi (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8071-8546)
- A. M. Abuali (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1198-3201)
- Attila Pásztor (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6016-3069)
- Claudia Ratti (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8335-567X)
- Paolo Parotto (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4686-941X)
- Micheal Kahangirwe (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9144-6240)
- Johannès Jahan (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4557-4652)
- Zoltán Fodor (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2519-5687)
- Haq Nawaz Shah
- Seth A. Trabulsi
Institutions
- Eötvös Loránd University (HU)
- Pennsylvania State University (US)
- University of Wuppertal (DE)
- Forschungszentrum Jülich (DE)
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Torino (IT)
- University of Houston (US)
- Rice University (US)
Publication Details
- Journal
- Physical review. D/Physical review. D.
- Published
- 2025-09-09
- DOI
- https://doi.org/10.1103/2dmh-26yh
- Citations
- 5
- Primary Topic
- High-Energy Particle Collisions Research
- Type
- article
- Field-Weighted Citation Impact
- 9.35
Funders
- National Science Foundation
- U.S. Department of Energy
- National Aeronautics and Space Administration
- Nuclear Safety and Security Commission
- Ministerium für Kultur und Wissenschaft des Landes Nordrhein-Westfalen
- Gauss Centre for Supercomputing
- Office of Science
- Nuclear Physics
- Argonne National Laboratory