Grip Strength and Quality of Life among Older Adults: Analysis of the 9th KNHANES (2022-2023)

Background: Handgrip strength is increasingly recognized as a simple but powerful biomarker reflecting overall health and quality of life (QoL) in older adults. However, few studies have comprehensively examined the relationship between grip strength and QoL while considering economic activity and socioeconomic factors. Objectives: This study aimed to investigate the association between handgrip strength and health-related quality of life (HRQoL) among older adults in South Korea, utilizing a nationally representative sample and controlling for multiple demographic and health-related variables. Methods: Data were derived from the 2022-2023 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES). A total of 1,512 individuals aged 65 years or older were included. Grip strength was measured using a digital dynamometer, and HRQoL was assessed using the Korean Health-related Quality of Life Instrument with 8 Items (HINT-8). Multiple regression and subgroup analyses were conducted, adjusting for age, sex, income, education, BMI, smoking status, unmet healthcare needs and economic activity. Results: Higher grip strength was significantly associated with higher HRQoL scores (β=-0.016, p<.05). Subgroup analysis revealed that the negative impact of low grip strength on QoL was more pronounced in the non-economically active group. The study also found that factors such as sex, smoking, and subjective health perception significantly influenced HRQoL. Conclusions: Grip strength serves as a reliable indicator of HRQoL in older adults. The findings highlight the need for routine screening of grip strength in national health check-ups and In particular, it emphasizes the need to implement customized programs for the elderly who are not economically active. Future research should explore longitudinal effects and examine the impact of tailored physical and social interventions on QoL outcomes.