Cytotoxic and apoptotic effects of Annona squamosa (Atis) crude leaf extract against A549 (Human Lung Adenocarcinoma) cell line

Cancer is a leading issue within the medical community and in the world, specifically lung cancer cells which affect thousands of people each day. Hence, this study aims to investigate the cytotoxic and apoptotic effects of Annona squamosa (Atis) crude leaf extract/sample that has not yet been studied against lung cancer cells. A. squamosa (Atis) leaf extract was acquired through maceration and then tested using MTT Cytotoxicity Assay to determine % inhibition and the half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) after exposure to the extract and Annexin V-Propidium Iodide (PI) Staining Assay to determine the percentage of cells undergoing early and late apoptosis and necrosis. Testing was conducted on the A549 (human lung adenocarcinoma) cell line in UP Diliman Mammalian Cell Culture Laboratory. Among the concentrations, 1.5625 ug/mL resulted in the highest % inhibition and was highly cytotoxic against the A549 cells while the 100 ug/ml concentration resulted in the higher % total cell death and % early and late apoptosis compared to the 1.5625 ug/mL concentrations. Therefore, A. squamosa (Atis) leaf extract may be developed into a potentially sustainable and affordable novel drug for treating A549 (human lung adenocarcinoma) cells in the future.