Urban–Rural Differences in Physical Characteristics and Muscle Function Among Men Aged 50–64 Years : A Comparative Study

Objectives This study aimed to compare body composition, lower limb morphology, and muscle function between middle-aged men (aged 50–64 years) living in urban and rural areas. Methods A total of 241 participants were classified into an urban group (UG; n=125) and a rural group (RG; n=116). Measurements included body composition, thigh and calf circumference, handgrip strength, and lower limb extension strength. Results Compared to the RG, the UG showed significantly higher skeletal muscle mass, body mass index (BMI), and waist-to-hip ratio (WHR), but significantly lower body fat percentage (p<.05). Thigh and calf circumferences were also significantly greater in the UG than in the RG (p<.01). Muscle function indicators, including handgrip strength and leg extensor strength, were significantly higher in the UG (p<.01). Conclusions Middle-aged men in rural areas exhibited lower overall physical indicators than their urban counterparts, suggesting a higher risk of progression to sarcopenia. Therefore, community-level preventive interventions, including resistance -based physical activity and lifestyle modifications, are warranted.